Thoracic fusion
Steps Involved in IVF:
Procedure Description
Thoracic fusion, also known as thoracic spinal fusion, is a surgical procedure aimed at stabilizing the thoracic spine—the section of the spine that runs from the base of the neck to the abdomen. The process involves permanently connecting two or more vertebrae in the thoracic region to restrict movement between them. This stabilization is achieved by placing bone grafts between the vertebrae and securing them with metal rods, screws, or plates to promote bone fusion. Over time, the bone grafts encourage the vertebrae to grow together, forming a single, solid bone.
This surgery is often recommended for individuals suffering from thoracic spine instability caused by various conditions, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, thoracic disc herniation, spinal fractures, tumors, or severe degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis. By limiting the movement of the affected vertebrae, thoracic fusion can significantly reduce pain, correct deformities, and prevent further damage to the spinal cord and nerves.
The fusion of thoracic vertebrae demands careful precision as this part of the spine is closely connected to the rib cage, and any surgical intervention must protect the vital organs like the lungs and heart. The goal is to achieve spinal stabilization while maintaining as much mobility as possible for the patient. The use of advanced imaging techniques, such as fluoroscopy and computer-assisted navigation, helps surgeons ensure accurate placement of the instrumentation and optimal bone fusion.
Procedure Duration
Thoracic fusion is a complex surgical procedure that may vary in duration based on the specific condition being treated, the number of vertebrae requiring fusion, and the patient’s overall health. On average, the surgery may take between 4 to 8 hours. It typically involves multiple phases:
- Preparation and Incision: The patient is placed under general anesthesia, and depending on the surgeon's approach (posterior, anterior, or a combination of both), an incision is made either in the back or through the side of the chest to access the thoracic spine.
- Vertebral Stabilization and Grafting: The surgeon removes any damaged discs or bone, places the bone graft between the affected vertebrae, and uses screws, rods, or plates to stabilize the vertebrae and facilitate fusion. Some techniques may involve minimally invasive approaches using smaller incisions, specialized tools, and advanced imaging for precision.
- Closure and Recovery: After the instrumentation is in place, the surgeon closes the incision with sutures or staples, and the patient is transferred to a recovery room. Post-surgery, the patient is closely monitored, with hospital stays ranging from a few days to over a week depending on the extent of the surgery and the patient’s response to it.
Recovery Time
Recovery from thoracic fusion can vary significantly. Initial recovery may take about 4 to 6 weeks, during which activities are limited to allow the bone to start fusing. Physical therapy often plays a crucial role in restoring strength and flexibility. Full fusion of the vertebrae can take 3 to 12 months, and patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activities, and other movements that may strain the spine during this period. Long-term follow-ups with the surgeon are essential to ensure successful fusion and address any complications.
Benefits of Thoracic Fusion
- Pain Relief: Significant reduction or complete relief from chronic pain caused by spinal instability or nerve compression.
- Improved Mobility: Restoration of stability in the thoracic spine allows for improved overall posture and movement.
- Deformity Correction: Effective for correcting spinal deformities caused by conditions like scoliosis and kyphosis.
- Enhanced Quality of Life: By stabilizing the spine and reducing pain, patients can enjoy an improved daily function and life quality.
- Prevention of Further Damage: Helps to halt the progression of spine-related issues that could worsen without intervention.
Potential Destinations for Thoracic Fusion
- India
India is renowned for its advanced healthcare facilities and highly skilled surgeons who perform thoracic fusion at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries. The presence of state-of-the-art technology and English-speaking staff make it a favorable choice for international patients.
- Thailand
With an excellent reputation for medical tourism, Thailand offers world-class healthcare services, modern hospitals, and experienced spine specialists. The affordability of treatment, combined with comfortable recovery environments, has made Thailand a popular destination for thoracic fusion procedures.
- Turkey
Turkey has become a hub for advanced orthopedic and spinal surgeries, including thoracic fusion. It provides high-quality care, competitive pricing, and a strategic geographical location bridging Europe and Asia, making it accessible for patients from various regions.
- Mexico
Mexico’s proximity to the United States, combined with its skilled healthcare professionals and cost-effective treatment options, has established it as a go-to destination for thoracic fusion surgery. Numerous hospitals offer high standards of care and shorter wait times, attracting patients from North America.
- Spain
Spain is emerging as a top destination for complex orthopedic surgeries, including thoracic fusion. With cutting-edge medical facilities, highly trained surgeons, and a strong emphasis on patient care, Spain is ideal for those seeking advanced spinal treatments in a European setting.
Risks & Considerations
- Infection: Like any surgery, thoracic fusion carries a risk of infection at the incision site or around the hardware used for fusion.
- Nerve Damage: Due to the proximity of the spinal cord and nerves, there is a potential risk of nerve damage leading to numbness, weakness, or even paralysis in rare cases.
- Hardware Complications: There may be complications related to the screws, rods, or plates used in the procedure, such as loosening, breakage, or incorrect placement.
- Non-Fusion: In some cases, the vertebrae may fail to fuse properly, leading to a condition called "pseudoarthrosis," which may require additional surgery.
- Respiratory Complications: Given the thoracic spine’s close relationship with the rib cage, there may be a risk of respiratory issues, especially if an anterior approach is taken through the chest.
How to Choose the Right Doctor and Hospital
Selecting a skilled surgeon and reputable hospital is critical for the success of thoracic fusion. Start by seeking a spine surgeon who specializes in thoracic procedures and has a track record of successful surgeries. It's advisable to research the surgeon’s qualifications, training, and patient testimonials. When evaluating hospitals, look for those with state-of-the-art equipment, accreditation from recognized health bodies, and an experienced orthopedic or spine surgery department.
Consider asking about the hospital’s infection control measures, follow-up care protocols, and availability of rehabilitation services. Since thoracic fusion requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving anesthetists, radiologists, and physical therapists, ensuring that the hospital has a strong support team is crucial for a smooth recovery.
To receive a free quote for this procedure please click on the link: https://www.medicaltourism.com/get-a-quote
Patients are advised to seek hospitals that are accredited by Global Healthcare and only work with medical tourism facilitators who are certified by Global Healthcare Accreditation or who have undergone certification from the Certified Medical Travel Professionals (CMTP). This ensures that the highest standards in the industry are met. GHA accredits the top hospitals in the world. These are the best hospitals in the world for quality and providing the best patient experience. Click the link to check out hospitals accredited by the Global Healthcare Accreditation: https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com
Frequently Asked Questions
What actually happens during hyperstimulation of the ovaries?
The patient will take injectable FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) for eight to eleven days, depending on how long the follicles take to mature. This hormone is produced naturally in a woman’s body causing one egg to develop per cycle. Taking the injectable FSH causes several follicles to develop at once, at approximately the same rate. The development is monitored with vaginal ultrasounds and following the patient’s levels of estradiol and progesterone. FSH brand names include Repronex, Follistim, Menopur, Gonal-F and Bravelle. The patient injects herself daily.
What happens during egg retrieval?
When the follicles have developed enough to be harvested, the patient attends an appointment where she is anesthetized and prepared for the procedure. Next, the doctor uses an ultrasound probe to guide a needle through the vaginal wall and into the follicle of the ovary. The thin needle draws the follicle fluid, which is then examined by an embryologist to find the eggs. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
What happens to the eggs?
In the next step, the harvested eggs are then fertilized. If the sperm from the potential father, or in some cases, anonymous donor, has normal functionality, the eggs and sperm are placed together in a dish with a nutrient fluid, then incubated overnight to fertilize normally. If the sperm functionality is suboptimal, an embryologist uses Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection to inject a single sperm into a single egg with an extremely precise glass needle. Once fertilization is complete, the embryos are assessed and prepared to be transferred to the patient’s uterus.
How are the embryos transferred back to the uterus?
The doctor and the patient will discuss the number of embryos to be transferred. The number of successfully fertilized eggs usually determines the number of eggs to be placed in the uterus. Embryos are transferred to the uterus with transabdominal ultrasound guidance. This process does not require anesthesia, but it can cause minor cervical or uterine discomfort. Following transfer, the patient is advised to take at least one days bed rest and two or three additional days of rest, then 10 to 12 days later, two pregnancy tests are scheduled to confirm success. Once two positive tests are completed, an obstetrical ultrasound is ordered to show the sac, fetal pole, yolk sac and fetal heart rate.
Embryoscope©
Built into this technology there is a microscope with a powerful camera that allows the uninterrupted monitoring of the embryo during its first hours of life. In this way, we can keep a close eye on the embryo, from the moment when the oocyte is inseminated and begins to divide into smaller and smaller cells, until it can be transferred to the uterus.
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Punta Mita Hospital - Genesis Cell
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