Subclavian Stenting
Steps Involved in IVF:
Procedure Description
Subclavian stenting is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at treating subclavian artery stenosis, a narrowing of the subclavian artery that supplies blood to the upper extremities, neck, and brain. This condition can lead to severe symptoms, including arm pain, dizziness, or, in advanced cases, vertebrobasilar insufficiency—a restriction of blood flow that can impair brain function. Patients who suffer from subclavian artery stenosis are often prescribed subclavian stenting when lifestyle modifications or medication are no longer effective, making it an essential procedure for managing blood flow and preventing ischemic complications.
The procedure involves placing a stent—a small, expandable mesh tube—within the narrowed section of the artery to restore normal blood flow. This stent is positioned with the help of a catheter, which is inserted through a small incision, typically in the groin or arm, and guided through the arterial system to the site of the blockage. Subclavian stenting is often preferred over more invasive surgical procedures because it offers quicker recovery times, less scarring, and a lower risk of complications.
During the procedure, imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy (a continuous X-ray technique) are used to visualize the artery and ensure precise placement of the stent. The stent remains in the artery permanently, preventing further narrowing and promoting long-term blood flow. Subclavian stenting has shown a high rate of success, improving quality of life and reducing the risk of stroke in many patients. It is commonly performed in specialized vascular centers by experienced interventional cardiologists or vascular surgeons.
Procedure Duration
The subclavian stenting procedure typically lasts between 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient's overall health. The preparation phase may involve various tests and evaluations, such as a Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography, to confirm the exact location and extent of the arterial narrowing. These diagnostic steps ensure that the medical team has a precise plan before beginning the procedure.
The stenting process itself consists of several steps. Once the catheter is positioned at the blockage site, a small balloon is inflated within the artery to widen the narrowed area temporarily. Then, the stent is placed in this widened area, and the balloon is deflated and removed. Once the stent is properly secured, blood flow is monitored to confirm that the artery is functioning adequately. In cases where more than one arterial segment is narrowed, the procedure may be extended to include multiple stents.
Recovery from subclavian stenting is usually swift, with patients often being monitored for a few hours post-procedure. Many patients can resume light activities within a few days. However, full recovery and a return to normal activity may take one to two weeks, depending on the individual’s condition. Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the stent’s functionality and address any potential complications early.
Benefits
- Improved Blood Flow: Restores optimal blood flow to the brain and upper extremities, which can alleviate symptoms like dizziness and arm fatigue.
- Reduced Stroke Risk: Lowers the risk of stroke associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to enhanced blood circulation.
- Minimally Invasive: Unlike open surgery, stenting requires only a small incision, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster healing.
- Quick Recovery: Patients generally experience shorter recovery times and can return to daily activities within days.
- Long-Term Effectiveness: The stent remains permanently in place, ensuring long-term prevention of artery narrowing and sustained blood flow.
Potential Destinations
- Thailand
Known for its advanced medical facilities and experienced cardiovascular specialists, Thailand has become a top destination for subclavian stenting. International patients are drawn to Thailand’s comprehensive healthcare services, competitive pricing, and high-quality post-procedure care.
- Turkey
Turkey’s strategic location and highly qualified vascular surgeons make it a popular choice for subclavian stenting. Many Turkish hospitals offer state-of-the-art interventional cardiology services, making it a competitive option for patients seeking effective and affordable care.
- India
India is recognized for its expertise in cardiovascular treatments, offering quality care at a fraction of the cost in Western countries. Patients choose India not only for its affordability but also for its globally trained specialists and well-equipped medical centers that adhere to international standards.
- Germany
Germany has a well-established reputation for medical innovation and high-quality healthcare. Patients opting for subclavian stenting in Germany benefit from advanced diagnostic techniques, experienced interventional radiologists, and rigorous safety standards.
- Mexico
Mexico has grown in popularity among international patients due to its proximity to the United States and its affordability. Many Mexican hospitals offer bilingual services and have well-trained medical staff specializing in minimally invasive procedures, making it an accessible choice for North American patients.
Risks & Considerations
- Restenosis: There is a risk of the artery narrowing again over time. Patients may need follow-up procedures to ensure the stent remains effective.
- Blood Clot Formation: Although rare, there is a possibility of blood clotting around the stent, which can obstruct blood flow. Blood-thinning medications are often prescribed to prevent this.
- Infection: Although minimally invasive, there is a small risk of infection at the catheter insertion site, requiring careful post-procedural care.
- Allergic Reactions: Some patients may experience an allergic reaction to the contrast dye used during the imaging process.
- Arterial Damage: During the procedure, there is a risk of damaging the artery, especially if it is already weak or has calcified deposits, potentially leading to complications.
How to Choose the Right Doctor and Hospital
When selecting a doctor and hospital for subclavian stenting, it’s crucial to look for professionals with specialized experience in vascular interventions and a proven track record in similar procedures. Hospitals with dedicated cardiovascular departments often have the necessary technology and expert staff to perform subclavian stenting safely and effectively. Ensuring the doctor has experience with minimally invasive techniques and is board-certified in interventional cardiology or vascular surgery is also essential.
Additionally, consider hospitals that offer comprehensive care packages, including pre-operative diagnostics, post-procedural monitoring, and follow-up consultations. This holistic approach ensures that the patient receives thorough care throughout the treatment journey, which is especially beneficial for international patients seeking seamless medical experiences.
To receive a free quote for this procedure please click on the link: https://www.medicaltourism.com/get-a-quote
Patients are advised to seek hospitals that are accredited by Global Healthcare and only work with medical tourism facilitators who are certified by Global Healthcare Accreditation or who have undergone certification from the Certified Medical Travel Professionals (CMTP). This ensures that the highest standards in the industry are met. GHA accredits the top hospitals in the world. These are the best hospitals in the world for quality and providing the best patient experience. Click the link to check out hospitals accredited by the Global Healthcare Accreditation: https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com
Frequently Asked Questions
What actually happens during hyperstimulation of the ovaries?
The patient will take injectable FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) for eight to eleven days, depending on how long the follicles take to mature. This hormone is produced naturally in a woman’s body causing one egg to develop per cycle. Taking the injectable FSH causes several follicles to develop at once, at approximately the same rate. The development is monitored with vaginal ultrasounds and following the patient’s levels of estradiol and progesterone. FSH brand names include Repronex, Follistim, Menopur, Gonal-F and Bravelle. The patient injects herself daily.
What happens during egg retrieval?
When the follicles have developed enough to be harvested, the patient attends an appointment where she is anesthetized and prepared for the procedure. Next, the doctor uses an ultrasound probe to guide a needle through the vaginal wall and into the follicle of the ovary. The thin needle draws the follicle fluid, which is then examined by an embryologist to find the eggs. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
What happens to the eggs?
In the next step, the harvested eggs are then fertilized. If the sperm from the potential father, or in some cases, anonymous donor, has normal functionality, the eggs and sperm are placed together in a dish with a nutrient fluid, then incubated overnight to fertilize normally. If the sperm functionality is suboptimal, an embryologist uses Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection to inject a single sperm into a single egg with an extremely precise glass needle. Once fertilization is complete, the embryos are assessed and prepared to be transferred to the patient’s uterus.
How are the embryos transferred back to the uterus?
The doctor and the patient will discuss the number of embryos to be transferred. The number of successfully fertilized eggs usually determines the number of eggs to be placed in the uterus. Embryos are transferred to the uterus with transabdominal ultrasound guidance. This process does not require anesthesia, but it can cause minor cervical or uterine discomfort. Following transfer, the patient is advised to take at least one days bed rest and two or three additional days of rest, then 10 to 12 days later, two pregnancy tests are scheduled to confirm success. Once two positive tests are completed, an obstetrical ultrasound is ordered to show the sac, fetal pole, yolk sac and fetal heart rate.
Embryoscope©
Built into this technology there is a microscope with a powerful camera that allows the uninterrupted monitoring of the embryo during its first hours of life. In this way, we can keep a close eye on the embryo, from the moment when the oocyte is inseminated and begins to divide into smaller and smaller cells, until it can be transferred to the uterus.
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