MVR – Mitral Vlave Replacement
Steps Involved in IVF:
Procedure Description
Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) is a critical surgical procedure aimed at replacing a malfunctioning mitral valve in the heart with either a mechanical or biological prosthesis. This procedure is often recommended for patients with severe mitral valve stenosis (narrowing) or mitral valve regurgitation (leakage), where the mitral valve no longer regulates blood flow effectively. These conditions can lead to severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and heart failure if left untreated. MVR provides a solution by restoring normal blood flow between the heart’s left atrium and left ventricle, alleviating symptoms, and preventing further complications.
The MVR procedure begins with an incision in the chest, typically through a median sternotomy, where the sternum is divided to access the heart. The patient is placed on a cardiopulmonary bypass machine to temporarily take over the function of the heart and lungs, ensuring the body continues to receive oxygenated blood during the operation. The damaged mitral valve is carefully removed, and the new valve is meticulously implanted. The choice between a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve depends on factors such as the patient’s age, lifestyle, and overall health, with each option presenting unique benefits and considerations.
Once the new valve is securely positioned, the surgeon will close the incision, and the patient is gradually weaned off the bypass machine. Following this, the sternum is wired shut, and the skin incision is sutured. The patient is then taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring, especially in the first 24 to 48 hours post-surgery. MVR is a major surgical procedure that requires highly skilled cardiac surgeons and advanced medical facilities to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Procedure Duration
The Mitral Valve Replacement procedure itself typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, depending on the complexity of the case and any additional repairs required on surrounding heart structures. During this time, the patient is under general anesthesia and connected to a heart-lung machine, which allows the heart to be temporarily stopped while the surgeon operates.
Recovery in the hospital often spans 7 to 10 days, with the first few days spent in the ICU. Here, the medical team closely monitors the patient’s heart rhythm, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and other critical signs to promptly address any complications. Once stabilized, the patient is transferred to a general recovery ward, where they begin physical therapy and gradually resume daily activities under medical supervision.
After hospital discharge, patients typically require several weeks or even months to fully recover and regain strength. This recovery phase may include regular follow-up appointments, medication to prevent blood clots (especially for those with mechanical valves), and cardiac rehabilitation. Patients are encouraged to make lifestyle adjustments, such as a heart-healthy diet, to support their recovery and overall heart health. The complete recovery time can vary, but most patients begin to experience significant improvements in their symptoms and quality of life within 3 to 6 months.
Benefits
- Symptom Relief: MVR can greatly reduce or eliminate symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats, leading to a better quality of life.
- Improved Heart Function: Replacing a damaged mitral valve allows the heart to pump blood more efficiently, reducing strain and preventing further heart damage.
- Reduced Risk of Heart Failure: By ensuring proper blood flow, MVR reduces the risk of heart failure and related complications.
- Longevity: With a functioning mitral valve, patients often enjoy extended life expectancy and improved physical capabilities.
- Increased Activity Levels: Post-recovery, many patients can return to physical activities and enjoy improved stamina and energy levels.
Potential Destinations
1. India
India has become a top destination for cardiac procedures, including MVR, due to its highly skilled surgeons and advanced medical facilities. Many hospitals in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore offer affordable, high-quality care with internationally recognized standards.
2. Turkey
Turkey’s medical tourism industry is well-regarded for its expertise in cardiac surgeries. Istanbul and Ankara are home to several state-of-the-art medical centers that provide MVR at competitive prices, along with a comprehensive care approach that includes pre- and post-operative support.
3. Thailand
Bangkok and other major Thai cities offer world-class cardiac care with a focus on patient comfort and hospitality. Many hospitals in Thailand are accredited by international organizations and offer MVR at a fraction of the cost found in Western countries.
4. Mexico
Mexico’s proximity to North America and its advanced cardiac care facilities make it a convenient and affordable choice for medical tourists seeking MVR. Cities like Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara host well-established hospitals equipped with modern technology and skilled cardiac teams.
5. Singapore
Singapore is known for its high standards of healthcare, with hospitals that specialize in cardiac surgery and advanced heart procedures. Patients choosing Singapore for MVR can expect cutting-edge technology, expert cardiac surgeons, and a meticulous approach to patient care.
Risks & Considerations
- Infection: Post-operative infection at the incision site or internally is a risk, requiring strict hygiene and monitoring.
- Blood Clots: Mechanical valves increase the risk of blood clot formation, necessitating anticoagulant therapy to prevent complications.
- Valve Failure: Over time, both mechanical and bioprosthetic valves can degrade or fail, potentially requiring a second surgery.
- Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeats may occur after surgery, sometimes requiring medication or additional interventions to manage.
- Bleeding Risks: Since blood-thinning medications are often necessary, patients may experience an increased risk of bleeding, which can complicate recovery.
How to Choose the Right Doctor and Hospital
When selecting a hospital and surgeon for MVR, it’s essential to consider several key factors to ensure optimal care and outcomes. Look for hospitals that specialize in cardiac surgeries and have established, dedicated cardiac units with the latest equipment and technology. Accreditation by reputable healthcare organizations can be an indicator of quality, as these certifications signify that the facility meets high standards in patient care and safety.
Choosing the right surgeon is equally critical. Seek a cardiac surgeon with substantial experience in mitral valve procedures, ideally one who has performed a high volume of these surgeries with documented success rates. During consultations, ask about the surgeon’s qualifications, the hospital’s post-operative care approach, and the support systems in place for international patients. This careful vetting process can significantly contribute to a positive surgical experience and smoother recovery.
To receive a free quote for this procedure please click on the link: https://www.medicaltourism.com/get-a-quote
Patients are advised to seek hospitals that are accredited by Global Healthcare and only work with medical tourism facilitators who are certified by Global Healthcare Accreditation or who have undergone certification from the Certified Medical Travel Professionals (CMTP). This ensures that the highest standards in the industry are met. GHA accredits the top hospitals in the world. These are the best hospitals in the world for quality and providing the best patient experience. Click the link to check out hospitals accredited by the Global Healthcare Accreditation: https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com
Frequently Asked Questions
What actually happens during hyperstimulation of the ovaries?
The patient will take injectable FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) for eight to eleven days, depending on how long the follicles take to mature. This hormone is produced naturally in a woman’s body causing one egg to develop per cycle. Taking the injectable FSH causes several follicles to develop at once, at approximately the same rate. The development is monitored with vaginal ultrasounds and following the patient’s levels of estradiol and progesterone. FSH brand names include Repronex, Follistim, Menopur, Gonal-F and Bravelle. The patient injects herself daily.
What happens during egg retrieval?
When the follicles have developed enough to be harvested, the patient attends an appointment where she is anesthetized and prepared for the procedure. Next, the doctor uses an ultrasound probe to guide a needle through the vaginal wall and into the follicle of the ovary. The thin needle draws the follicle fluid, which is then examined by an embryologist to find the eggs. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
What happens to the eggs?
In the next step, the harvested eggs are then fertilized. If the sperm from the potential father, or in some cases, anonymous donor, has normal functionality, the eggs and sperm are placed together in a dish with a nutrient fluid, then incubated overnight to fertilize normally. If the sperm functionality is suboptimal, an embryologist uses Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection to inject a single sperm into a single egg with an extremely precise glass needle. Once fertilization is complete, the embryos are assessed and prepared to be transferred to the patient’s uterus.
How are the embryos transferred back to the uterus?
The doctor and the patient will discuss the number of embryos to be transferred. The number of successfully fertilized eggs usually determines the number of eggs to be placed in the uterus. Embryos are transferred to the uterus with transabdominal ultrasound guidance. This process does not require anesthesia, but it can cause minor cervical or uterine discomfort. Following transfer, the patient is advised to take at least one days bed rest and two or three additional days of rest, then 10 to 12 days later, two pregnancy tests are scheduled to confirm success. Once two positive tests are completed, an obstetrical ultrasound is ordered to show the sac, fetal pole, yolk sac and fetal heart rate.
Embryoscope©
Built into this technology there is a microscope with a powerful camera that allows the uninterrupted monitoring of the embryo during its first hours of life. In this way, we can keep a close eye on the embryo, from the moment when the oocyte is inseminated and begins to divide into smaller and smaller cells, until it can be transferred to the uterus.
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