Endovasculr Surgery for Descending Thoracic Aneurysms
Steps Involved in IVF:
Procedure Description
Endovascular surgery for descending thoracic aneurysms, also known as thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat aneurysms in the descending thoracic aorta. This procedure has become a preferred treatment for thoracic aneurysms due to its reduced recovery time, lower surgical risks, and minimally invasive nature compared to traditional open surgery. TEVAR involves the placement of a stent-graft—a fabric-covered metal tube—inside the aorta. The stent-graft serves as a scaffold, redirecting blood flow and relieving pressure from the aneurysm, thereby reducing the risk of rupture and potentially life-threatening complications.
The procedure begins with a small incision, typically in the groin area, to access the femoral artery. Using advanced imaging technology, a catheter (a long, thin tube) is guided through the artery to the affected area in the thoracic aorta. Once in position, the stent-graft is deployed, allowing it to expand and attach securely within the artery walls. This reroutes blood flow away from the aneurysm, allowing the weakened vessel walls to heal and decreasing the risk of rupture. Throughout the procedure, real-time imaging enables surgeons to precisely position the stent-graft and monitor its placement, ensuring accurate deployment in the damaged section of the aorta.
Endovascular surgery for descending thoracic aneurysms is primarily used for patients who are at higher risk with open surgery, including elderly individuals or those with other medical conditions. However, it is increasingly being recommended for a broader patient population due to its proven effectiveness and minimally invasive benefits. TEVAR has high success rates, but not all patients are eligible. Factors such as the size, location, and shape of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health, determine eligibility. A thorough pre-operative assessment is crucial to determine if TEVAR is the best approach.
Procedure Duration
The duration of endovascular surgery for descending thoracic aneurysms can vary depending on several factors, including the complexity of the aneurysm, the patient’s anatomy, and the surgeon's experience. Generally, the procedure takes between two to three hours, significantly shorter than open surgery for the same condition. The streamlined nature of this approach makes it possible for some patients to undergo the surgery as an outpatient procedure, although most patients typically stay in the hospital overnight for monitoring.
After the stent-graft is deployed, patients are usually monitored for several hours in a recovery area to ensure the success of the procedure and to check for any immediate complications. The recovery period varies for each individual but is typically much shorter than with open surgical repair. Patients can expect to stay in the hospital for 24 to 48 hours, as opposed to a week or more for open surgery. During this time, physicians monitor vital signs, blood flow, and stent-graft placement with imaging to confirm its stability and effectiveness.
Following discharge, patients are advised to avoid strenuous activity for several weeks and to follow up with their healthcare provider regularly. Most patients can resume daily activities within a week and are fully recovered within four to six weeks. However, follow-up visits are essential for monitoring the stent-graft's position and ensuring no further complications arise. Routine imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRIs, may be scheduled periodically to assess the stent-graft's performance over time.
Benefits
- Minimally Invasive: The procedure requires only small incisions, reducing the risk of complications and minimizing post-operative pain.
- Shorter Recovery Time: Patients often recover more quickly compared to open surgery, enabling them to resume daily activities within weeks.
- Reduced Risk of Infection: With no large surgical incision, the risk of infection is significantly lower.
- Lower Mortality and Morbidity Rates: TEVAR has a lower mortality and complication rate compared to traditional open thoracic aneurysm repair.
- Improved Quality of Life: The minimally invasive nature of TEVAR helps patients maintain better overall function and quality of life post-surgery.
Potential Destinations
- Germany
Known for its advanced healthcare infrastructure, Germany is a prime destination for endovascular surgery. Its hospitals are equipped with cutting-edge imaging technology, and its specialists in vascular and cardiac surgery offer extensive experience in performing TEVAR procedures.
- South Korea
South Korea has become a leader in minimally invasive procedures, particularly in vascular and cardiovascular care. It is well-known for providing high-quality care with relatively short wait times, making it an attractive option for international patients seeking prompt treatment.
- United States
The U.S. is home to some of the world’s most renowned vascular surgery centers, which offer extensive experience with TEVAR. While costs may be higher, patients benefit from access to the latest technology and some of the most highly trained surgeons worldwide.
- Turkey
Turkey has gained recognition in the medical tourism sector, particularly for cardiovascular procedures. Offering high-quality care at competitive prices, Turkey is an attractive option for those seeking expert endovascular surgery within a sophisticated healthcare system.
- Singapore
Singapore’s healthcare system is highly regarded for its quality and innovation, making it a top destination for complex procedures such as TEVAR. Patients benefit from efficient care, state-of-the-art facilities, and rigorous medical standards, ensuring excellent treatment outcomes.
Risks & Considerations
- Endoleaks: A potential complication where blood continues to flow into the aneurysm, requiring close monitoring and sometimes additional procedures to correct.
- Device Migration: The stent-graft can shift over time, which may require additional intervention to reposition or replace it.
- Infection: Though rare, infections can occur around the stent-graft site, requiring antibiotic treatment or, in severe cases, further surgery.
- Contrast Allergy: The imaging required for TEVAR uses contrast dye, which some patients may be allergic to, potentially causing an adverse reaction.
- Renal Complications: Some patients may experience kidney issues related to the use of contrast dye, particularly those with pre-existing kidney conditions.
How to Choose the Right Doctor and Hospital
Selecting a qualified doctor and hospital for endovascular surgery is essential to ensure a successful outcome and minimize risks. Look for a vascular surgeon or interventional radiologist who has significant experience with TEVAR, as familiarity with the procedure's nuances can greatly impact results. Consider asking the doctor about their specific experience with endovascular surgery for descending thoracic aneurysms, including success rates and complication rates.
The hospital's infrastructure and access to advanced imaging and catheterization facilities are also crucial. High-quality imaging technology is essential for precise stent-graft placement and successful outcomes. Moreover, choose a hospital with a strong reputation for vascular or cardiovascular care and access to specialized post-operative care. This will help ensure that any potential complications can be quickly addressed and that follow-up care is thorough and timely.
To receive a free quote for this procedure please click on the link: https://www.medicaltourism.com/get-a-quote
Patients are advised to seek hospitals that are accredited by Global Healthcare and only work with medical tourism facilitators who are certified by Global Healthcare Accreditation or who have undergone certification from the Certified Medical Travel Professionals (CMTP). This ensures that the highest standards in the industry are met. GHA accredits the top hospitals in the world. These are the best hospitals in the world for quality and providing the best patient experience. Click the link to check out hospitals accredited by the Global Healthcare Accreditation: https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com
Frequently Asked Questions
What actually happens during hyperstimulation of the ovaries?
The patient will take injectable FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) for eight to eleven days, depending on how long the follicles take to mature. This hormone is produced naturally in a woman’s body causing one egg to develop per cycle. Taking the injectable FSH causes several follicles to develop at once, at approximately the same rate. The development is monitored with vaginal ultrasounds and following the patient’s levels of estradiol and progesterone. FSH brand names include Repronex, Follistim, Menopur, Gonal-F and Bravelle. The patient injects herself daily.
What happens during egg retrieval?
When the follicles have developed enough to be harvested, the patient attends an appointment where she is anesthetized and prepared for the procedure. Next, the doctor uses an ultrasound probe to guide a needle through the vaginal wall and into the follicle of the ovary. The thin needle draws the follicle fluid, which is then examined by an embryologist to find the eggs. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
What happens to the eggs?
In the next step, the harvested eggs are then fertilized. If the sperm from the potential father, or in some cases, anonymous donor, has normal functionality, the eggs and sperm are placed together in a dish with a nutrient fluid, then incubated overnight to fertilize normally. If the sperm functionality is suboptimal, an embryologist uses Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection to inject a single sperm into a single egg with an extremely precise glass needle. Once fertilization is complete, the embryos are assessed and prepared to be transferred to the patient’s uterus.
How are the embryos transferred back to the uterus?
The doctor and the patient will discuss the number of embryos to be transferred. The number of successfully fertilized eggs usually determines the number of eggs to be placed in the uterus. Embryos are transferred to the uterus with transabdominal ultrasound guidance. This process does not require anesthesia, but it can cause minor cervical or uterine discomfort. Following transfer, the patient is advised to take at least one days bed rest and two or three additional days of rest, then 10 to 12 days later, two pregnancy tests are scheduled to confirm success. Once two positive tests are completed, an obstetrical ultrasound is ordered to show the sac, fetal pole, yolk sac and fetal heart rate.
Embryoscope©
Built into this technology there is a microscope with a powerful camera that allows the uninterrupted monitoring of the embryo during its first hours of life. In this way, we can keep a close eye on the embryo, from the moment when the oocyte is inseminated and begins to divide into smaller and smaller cells, until it can be transferred to the uterus.
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